The ratio of microalbumin (mALB) to creatinine (Cr) in urine (ACR) is a sensitive indicator reflecting renal function impairment, used to monitor the excretion of microalbumin in urine. ACR has important value in the diagnosis of various kidney diseases, hypertension and diabetes with early renal injury, and has been listed as the diagnostic and staging standard of early kidney disease and chronic kidney disease by authoritative international guidelines.